Birus Human Papillomas (HPV) is extremely common in the world sexually transmitted infection.
The uniqueness of this infection is that for many years cannot manifest in any way, but ultimately lead to the development of benign (papilloma) or malignant (cereal cancer) of genital diseases.
The types of viruses of the human papillom
More than 100 types of HPVs are known. The species are a distinctive "subspecies" of viruses that differ from each other. Types are marked with numbers assigned to them while opening.
A group of high oncogenic risk is 14 species: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 66, 68 (these types are associated with the development of cervical cancer).
In addition, the types of low oncogenic risk (mostly 6 and 11) are known. They lead to the formation of anogenital nipples (spiky condille, papillomas). Papillomi are located on mucose vulva, vagina, in the periana region, on the skin of the genitals. They almost never become malignant, but lead to significant cosmetic damage in the genital area. Nipples in other parts of the body (hands, legs, faces) can also be caused by these types of viruses and may have different origins. In the following articles, we will discuss the types of HPV "High Risk" and "low risk" in the following articles.
Infection of the human papilloe of the human papillom
The virus is transmitted mainly in sexual intercourse. Sooner or later, HPV almost all women are infected are: up to 90% of sexually active women will encounter this infection throughout life.
But there are good news: the most infected (about 90%) will be resolved by HPV without any medical interventions for two years.
It is a normal stream of the infectious process that caused HPV in the human body. This is a time enough for the human immune system to completely resolve the virus. In such a situation, HPV will not harm the body.That is, if the HPV has been discovered before some time, but now it is not, it is absolutely normal!
It must be borne in mind that the immune system works for different people with "different speeds". In this regard, the speed of HPV release may differ in sexual partners. Therefore, the situation is possible when one of the partners has found HPV and others not.
Most people are infected with HPV shortly after the start of sexual activity, and many of them will never know that HPV are infected. Permanent immunity after the infection is not formed, so the re-refection is possible and the same virus with which there was already a meeting and other types of viruses.
HPV "High risk" is dangerous in which can lead to cervical cancer development and some other types of cancer. HPV high risk do not cause other problems. HPV does not lead to development inflammation in vaginal mucosa / cervix, menstrual cycles or infertility disorders.
HPV does not affect the ability to conceive and submit pregnancy. The HPV child "High Risk" is not transmitted during pregnancy and during childbirth. Diagnosis of the virus of the human papillo
It is practically meaningless to take an HPV analysis at a high oncogenic risk of up to 25 years (other than those beginning sexual life early (up to 18), since then it is very likely to reveal the virus, which will soon leave independently.
After 25-30 years, it makes sense to take an analysis:
- Together with the analysis of cytology (PAP - test). If there are changes in the PAP-test and HPV "high risk", then this situation requires special attention;
- The long-term permanence of the HPV "great risk" in the absence of cytological changes also requires attention. Recently, HPV testing sensitivity is higher than the sensitivity of cytological studies, and thus the definition of only HPV (without cytological research) approved as an independent study of cervical cancer in the USA. However, in Russia, the annual cytological study is recommended, so the combination of these two studies is considered reasonable;
- After the treatment of the dysplasia / the cervix / cervical cancer (the absence of HPV in the analysis after treatment, almost always indicates successful treatment). It is necessary to obtain a spoilage from the cervical channel for research (it is possible to study and material from the vagina, however, it is recommended that the material be recommended from cervix).
Analysis must be taken:
- Once a year (if HPV "high risk" has been previously discovered, and the analysis is transmitted together with the cytological study);
- 1 time in 5 years, if the previous analysis was negative.
Almost never need to take an analysis of HPV low oncogenic risk. If there is no papillom, then this analysis does not exist in principle (transport of viruses is possible, there is no virus treatment, so it is not known what to do with the results of the analysis).
If there are papillomes, then:
- They are most often caused by HPV;
- They need to be removed whether we will find 6/11 types or not;
- If you take the smear and then directly with the papillomes themselves, not the vagina / cervix.
There are tests for identifying HPV different types. If you periodically take the tests for HPV, pay attention to which specific types are involved in the analysis. Some laboratories make a study only on 16. and 18. Type, others - for all types together. It is also possible to take an analysis that will identify all 14 types of "high-risk" viruses in quantitative format. Quantitative characteristics are important for predicting the likelihood of the development of the precarious and cancer of cervix. These tests should be used in the context of cervical cancer prevention, not as an independent test. An analysis for HPV without the results of cytology (RAR test) usually does not allow us to extract all conclusions about the patient's health status.
There is no such analysis that will determine whether the virus "go" in a particular patient or not.
Treating the virus of the human papillo
No medication for HPV. There are methods of treatment of countries caused by HPV (Papillomas, dysplasia, prediction, cervical cancer). This treatment should be performed using surgical methods (cryoagulation, laser, radio knife).
There are no "immunostimulants" are not associated with HPV treatment and should not apply them. None of widely known drugs passed adequate tests that would show their efficiency and security. These medications are not included in the protocols / standards / recommendations. The presence or absence of "erosion" of cervix does not affect the treatment tactics of HPV.
If the patient has no complaints, not paper / changes in the cervix during colposcopia and according to the PAP - test, no treatment procedures are needed.
It is only necessary to re-download the analysis once a year and follow the state of cervix (annual Pap - test, colposcopy). In most patients, the virus will "leave" the body themselves. If he does not leave, it is completely optional that it will lead to the development of cervical cancer, but control is needed. The treatment of sexual partners is not needed (except for cases where both partners have genital papillomes).
Prevention of the virus of the human papillo
Vaccines have been developed that protection of 16 and 18 types of HPV (one of the vaccines also protects from 6 and 11 species). Types of HPV 16 and 18 "responsibly" for 70% of cervical cancer cases, and therefore protection against them is so important. The planned vaccination is used in 45 countries. Condom (do not ensure 100% protection).